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Pol Pot
Pol Pot (; (クメール語:ប៉ុល ពត); 19 May 1925 – 15 April 1998),〔〔 born Saloth Sar ((クメール語:សាឡុត ស)), was a Cambodian revolutionary who led the Khmer Rouge〔"Red Khmer," from the French ''rouge'' "red" (longtime symbol of socialism) and ''Khmer,'' the term for ethnic Cambodians.〕 from 1963 until 1997. From 1963 to 1981, he served as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Kampuchea.〔"Vietnam Since the Fall of Saigon," by William Duiker, Updated Edition, p. 133.〕 As such, he became the leader of Cambodia on 17 April 1975, when his forces captured Phnom Penh. From 1976 to 1979, he also served as the prime minister of Democratic Kampuchea.
He presided over a totalitarian dictatorship,〔Kiernan, Ben. The Pol Pot Regime: Race, Power and Genocide in Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge, 1975–79. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1996.〕 in which his government made urban dwellers move to the countryside to work in collective farms and on forced labour projects. The combined effects of executions, strenuous working conditions, malnutrition and poor medical care caused the deaths of approximately 25 percent of the Cambodian population.〔〔Heuveline, Patrick (1998), "Between One and Three Million": Towards the Demographic Reconstruction of a Decade of Cambodian History (1970-79), Population Studies, Vol. 52, Number 1: 49-65.〕〔Craig Etcheson, ''After the Killing Fields'' (Praeger, 2005), p. 119.〕〔Locard, Henri, (State Violence in Democratic Kampuchea (1975-1979) and Retribution (1979-2004) ), ''European Review of History'', Vol. 12, No. 1, March 2005, pp. 121–143.〕 In all, an estimated 1 to 3 million people (out of a population of slightly over 8 million) died due to the policies of his four-year premiership.〔Heuveline, Patrick (2001). "The Demographic Analysis of Mortality in Cambodia." In Forced Migration and Mortality, eds. Holly E. Reed and Charles B. Keely. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.〕〔Marek Sliwinski, Le Génocide Khmer Rouge: Une Analyse Démographique (L'Harmattan, 1995).〕〔Banister, Judith, and Paige Johnson (1993). "After the Nightmare: The Population of Cambodia." In Genocide and Democracy in Cambodia: The Khmer Rouge, the United Nations and the International Community, ed. Ben Kiernan. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies.〕
In 1979, after the Cambodian–Vietnamese War, Pol Pot relocated to the jungles of southwest Cambodia, and the Khmer Rouge government collapsed. From 1979 to 1997, he and a remnant of the old Khmer Rouge operated near the border of Cambodia and Thailand, where they clung to power, with nominal United Nations recognition as the rightful government of Cambodia. Pol Pot died in 1998, while under house arrest by the Ta Mok faction of the Khmer Rouge. Since his death, rumours that he committed suicide or was poisoned have persisted.
==Biography==
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